Mold can begin growing on wet organic building materials within about 24 to 48 hours, and visible colonies commonly appear within three to five days. Spores are already present in virtually every building, so the determining factor is how long the material stays wet. Drying affected materials quickly is the only reliable way to prevent growth.
Yes, germination can begin within 24 hours when wet organic material sits in warm, still air, which is exactly the condition inside a closed wet wall cavity. Visible growth usually takes two to five days. Because initiation is possible that fast, restoration practice treats the first 24 hours as the window in which drying prevents a mold problem rather than manages one.
Prevent mold by getting materials dry within 24 to 48 hours. Extract all standing water, remove materials that cannot be dried in that window such as carpet pad and wet batt insulation, open wall cavities so air can reach them, run dehumidification continuously, and verify dryness with moisture meter readings rather than by feel. Antimicrobial products help, but drying is the control.